The changing dynamics of Supply Chain Inventory Management - Free Essay Example

Supply chain management (SCM) is the management of a network of interconnected businesses involved in the ultimate provision of product and service packages required by end customers (Harland, 1996). Supply Chain Management spans all movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point of origin to point of consumption (supply chain). Another definition is provided by the APICS Dictionary when it defines SCM as the design, planning, execution, control, and monitoring of supply chain activities with the objective of creating net value, building a competitive infrastructure, leveraging worldwide logistics, synchronizing supply with demand, and measuring performance globally. Supply chain management must address the following problems: Distribution Network Configuration: number, location and network missions of suppliers, production facilities, distribution centers, warehouses, cross-docks and customers. Distribution Str ategy: questions of operating control (centralized, decentralized or shared); delivery scheme, e.g., direct shipment, pool point shipping, cross docking, DSD (direct store delivery), closed loop shipping; mode of transportation, e.g., motor carrier, including truckload, LTL, parcel; railroad; intermodal transport, including TOFC (trailer on flatcar) and COFC (container on flatcar); ocean freight; airfreight; replenishment strategy (e.g., pull, push or hybrid); and transportation control (e.g., owner-operated, private carrier, common carrier, contract carrier, or 3PL). Trade-Offs in Logistical Activities: The above activities must be well coordinated in order to achieve the lowest total logistics cost. Trade-offs may increase the total cost if only one of the activities is optimized. For example, full truckload (FTL) rates are more economical on a cost per pallet basis than less than truckload (LTL) shipments. If, however, a full truckload of a product is ordered to reduce transpo rtation costs, there will be an increase in inventory holding costs which may increase total logistics costs. It is therefore imperative to take a systems approach when planning logistical activities. These trade-offs are key to developing the most efficient and effective Logistics and SCM strategy. Information: Integration of processes through the supply chain to share valuable information, including demand signals, forecasts, inventory, transportation, potential collaboration, etc. Inventory Management: Quantity and location of inventory, including raw materials, work-in-progress (WIP) and finished goods. Cash-Flow: Arranging the payment terms and methodologies for exchanging funds across entities within the supply chain. Supply chain execution means managing and coordinating the movement of materials, information and funds across the supply chain. The flow is bi-directional. Inventory management is primarily about specifying the size and placement of stocked goods. Inventory management is required at different locations within a facility or within multiple locations of a supply network to protect the regular and planned course of production against the random disturbance of running out of materials or goods. The scope of inventory management also concerns the fine lines between replenishment lead time, carrying costs of inventory, asset management, inventory forecasting, inventory valuation, inventory visibility, future inventory price forecasting, physical inventory, available physical space for inventory, quality management, replenishment, returns and defective goods and demand forecasting. Balancing these competing requirements leads to optimal inventory levels, which is an on-going process as the business needs shift and react to the wider environment. It involves a retailer seeking to acquire and maintain a proper merchandise assortment while ordering, shipping, handling, and related costs are kept in check. Systems and processes t hat identify inventory requirements, set targets, provide replenishment techniques and report actual and projected inventory status. It handles all functions related to the tracking and management of material. This would include the monitoring of material moved into and out of stockroom locations and the reconciling of the inventory balances. It may also include ABC analysis, lot tracking, cycle counting support etc. Management of the inventories, with the primary objective of determining/controlling stock levels within the physical distribution function to balance the need for product availability against the need for minimizing stock holding and handling costs. 1.2 Rationale to the study Most of the researches in supply chain areas are concerned about optimizing the supply chain in terms of its efficiency and competence in the product market, but only limited studies are done considering the inventory management in supply chains. Effective inventory management in a sup ply chain can play a vital role in cutting inventory holding costs across the different stages of the supply chain, thus emphasizing the need of a general model for managing inventories within a supply chain. Baganha Cohen (1996) developed a stabilizing model for effective inventory management for supply chains. Supply chain materials management methods could be made complex considering a multi product scenario and discontinuous supply chains. So the models developed should have room for all kinds of supply chain variability. Lee Billington (1993) developed a model for inventory management considering decentralized supply chains. 1.3 Overview/Significance of the are under study Inventory management for supply chains could be effective only when the information flow from top to bottom of a supply chain is streamlined. Cachon Fisher (2000) developed a value shared information model and performed a comparative study with the conventional data sharing strategies and ended up wi th the proposed model performing better, reducing inventory holding expenses. Strategic plans for the effective 4 distribution of information are essential for supplying goods at the customer expected rate. Mutual sharing and analyzing of the information and standards between the supplier and customer at every stage of the supply chain is crucial and it also nurtures customer supplier relationships. Thus incorporating information flow standards in inventory management in a supply chain will definitely result in increased returns. Supply chains can be streamlined in such a way that they are continuous and follow the chain of activities at any given time. But there are certain cases where the chains appear to be in a broken or discontinuous form due to lack of communication flow and other practical factors that limit them from following the supply chain policy. So in such cases it is extremely difficult to evaluate the inventory management strategies. Materials stored at various lo cations of a supply chain can have divergent effects on the cost and service levels of the chain (Lee Billington, 1993). So managing inventories in such supply chains requires special focus and considerations at all levels. Inventory exist s in the supply chain because of a mismatch between supply and demand. This mismatch is intentional at a steel manufacturer where it is economical to manufacture in large lots that are then stored for future sales. The mismatch is also intentional at a retail store where inventory is held in anticipation of future demand. An important role that inventory plays in the supply chain is to increase the amount of demand that can be satisfied by having product ready and available when the customer wants it. Another significant role inventory plays is to reduce cost by exploiting any economics of scale that may exist during both production and distribution. Inventory is spread throughout the supply chain from raw materials to work in process to fi nished goods those suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and retailers hold. Inventory is a major source of cost in a supply chain and it has a huge impact on responsiveness. If we think of the responsiveness spectrum, the location and quantity of inventory can move the supply chain from one end of the spectrum to the other. For example, an apparel supply chain with high inventory levels at the retail stage has a high level of responsiveness because a customer can walk into a store and walk out with the shirt they were looking for. In contrast, an apparel supply chain with little inventory would be very unresponsive. A customer wanting a shirt would have to order it and wait several weeks or even months for it to be manufactured, depending on how little inventory existed in the supply chain. Inventory also has a significant impact on the material flow time in a supply chain. Material flow time is the time that elapses between the points at which material enters the supply chain to the point at which it exist. Another important area where inventory has a significant impact is throughput. For a supply chain, throughput is the rate at which sales occur. If inventory is represented by I, flow time by T, and throughput by D, the thee can be related using Littles law as follows: I = DT For example, if the flow time of an auto assembly process is ten hours and the throughput is 60 units an hour, Littles Law tells us that the inventory is 60 x 10 = 600 units. If we were able to reduce inventory to 300 units while holding throughput constant, we would reduce our flow time to five hours (300/60). We note that in this relationship, inventory and throughput must have consistent units. The logical conclusion here is that inventory and flow time are synonymous in a supply chain. managers should use actions that lower the amount of inventory needed without increasing cost or reducing responsiveness, because reduces flow time can be a significant advantage in a supply chain. 1.4 Historical Developments In the 1980s, the term Supply Chain Management (SCM) was developed[6] to express the need to integrate the key business processes, from end user through original suppliers. Original suppliers being those that provide products, services and information that add value for customers and other stakeholders. The basic idea behind the SCM is that companies and corporations involve themselves in a supply chain by exchanging information regarding market fluctuations and production capabilities. If all relevant information is accessible to any relevant company, every company in the supply chain has the possibility to and can seek to help optimizing the entire supply chain rather than sub optimize based on a local interest. This will lead to better planned overall production and distribution which can cut costs and give a more attractive final product leading to better sales and better overall results for the companies involved. Incorporat ing SCM successfully leads to a new kind of competition on the global market where competition is no longer of the company versus company form but rather takes on a supply chain versus supply chain form. The primary objective of supply chain management is to fulfill customer demands through the most efficient use of resources, including distribution capacity, inventory and labor. In theory, a supply chain seeks to match demand with supply and do so with the minimal inventory. Various aspects of optimizing the supply chain include liaising with suppliers to eliminate bottlenecks; sourcing strategically to strike a balance between lowest material cost and transportation, implementing JIT (Just In Time) techniques to optimize manufacturing flow; maintaining the right mix and location of factories and warehouses to serve customer markets, and using location/allocation, vehicle routing analysis, dynamic programming and, of course, traditional logistics optimization to maximize the eff iciency of the distribution side. There is often confusion over the terms supply chain and logistics. It is now generally accepted that the term Logistics applies to activities within one company/organization involving distribution of product whereas the term supply chain also encompasses manufacturing and procurement and therefore has a much broader focus as it involves multiple enterprises, including suppliers, manufacturers and retailers, working together to meet a customer need for a product or service.

Are Schools Safe Essay - 757 Words

Over the past decade school violence has been on the rise. School violence has always existed in some form or another, whether it is a fight out on the play ground or a stabbing in the parking lot. However nothing got the nations attentions like the April 20, 1999, Columbine school shooting. Ever since that day the nation wants to know what to do to protect the kids in this country. Many schools have gotten increasingly stricter on their policies, especially the schools that have more money. What about the schools that cant afford metal detectors and security officers? American public schools are not safe, and need to have greater security measures to ensure the students safety. The news of Columbine was all over the TV,†¦show more content†¦11% of teens surveyed know that kid bring weapons to school on a regular basis. Some just want to see if they can get away with it. Others want to threaten, hurt, or kill. Kids are also constantly being bullied; kids can be ruthless, because they dont think that their actions could really be affecting someone for the long term. Some schools dont have the money ( only 5% of the schools in the nation have metal detectors) for things like metal detectors and security however they do have the time for discipline. Schools disregard teasing because kids do it all the time; it is considered normal. However children often end up with serious mental conditions; such as anxiety, depression and a feeling of self worthlessness. Its is a well known fact that kids bring weapons into school. They might just want to show off their dads new hunting knife or their moms gun they keep in her purse. Everyone remembers the story of the kindergartener that brought a gun to school. A five-year-old boy from Albuquerque New Mexico was suspended from kindergarten after bringing a pellet gun to school. A teacher at Alameda Elementary School found the gun in the boys bag after students mentioned he was showing it off. The pellet gun was not loaded. The boy was suspended for three days and school officials spoke with his parents about the incident. These kids might not want to hurt anyone; they mostShow MoreRelatedEssay On Safe Ag Safe Schools1432 Words   |  6 PagesValley, also known as the â€Å"Salad Bowl† of the United States, generates more than $8.1 billion annually to the local economy, and it employs over 76,000 people in the area due to the agriculture industry present here (Farm Bureau Monterey, np ). Safe Ag Safe Schools (SASS) is a community coalition advocating for the rights of the most vulnerable populations in the area, it also served as my service-learning site this fall semester. 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Unfortunately, for many students when their day at school begins so does their nightmare. Since school-aged children are already filled with anxiety, emotions, and hormones when you add any type of negative experiences such as, rejectionRead MoreHigh School, A Safe And Orderly C limate878 Words   |  4 PagesLooking back on my own High School experience, I can safely say that my school was effective. The various characteristics of an effective school include, strong leadership, a clear school mission, a safe climate, monitoring student progress, high expectations, and so on. I witnessed these elements that make a school effective, and thus received a quality education. When I compare my high school to my field observation, I see many negative differences. The school is chaotic and does not function wellRead MoreHow Safe Are Our Children At School?1278 Words   |  6 PagesHow safe are our children at school? 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There has been a rise of pupils injured (Omolo and Simatwa, 2010). According to KukaliRead More School Security: Safe but Subtle Essay2064 Words   |  9 PagesSchool Security: Safe but Subtle The most infamous and deadly act of violence to occur in a U.S. school were the events of April 20, 1999. In Littleton Colorado two teens went on a shooting and bombing spree that left 15 dead and 24 wounded before they shot and killed themselves. During the rampage, the two fired about 900 rounds of ammunition from two sawed off shotguns, a 9-mm semiautomatic carbine, and a semiautomatic handgun. Police also later found more than 30 bombs placed throughoutRead MoreSchool Is A Safe Environment For All Students862 Words   |  4 Pagesstated the school will offer a safe environment for all students. But every day on the news, there are stories in which a teenager commits suicide, or a teenager bullies another student. In recent years, it seems these types of news stories have been on the rise and brought to many people’s attention. For example, there has been shootings, hazing, physical abuse, and murders happening everyday in schools (Furlong et al., 2005). When a student enters a school building it should be a safe environmentRead MoreMy High School Is A Safe Environment1611 Words   |  7 PagesI come from a school where the guys wear bowties and khakis and the girls dress up in a nice dress or skirt more often than not. There are more parent volunteers than imaginable and practically the whole town comes out to support the football team on Friday nights. I have lived a sheltered life so far†¦ my parents are still together, no major deaths in the family, and if someone mentions drugs or teen pregnancy, I’m a deer in headlights. While I have lived a life that I consider to be pretty greatRead MoreKeeping The Children Safe At The School Grounds1153 Words   |  5 Pagescomposing different tactics to keep the children safe in the school grounds. A parent explained to a Human Rights Reporter how his village tried to protect students at their school from an M23 attack: â€Å"There were rumors that the [M23] were preparing an attack on the school so that they could get the children for military service. So we got together, all of the parents, and put in place a security alert system where we left two parents outside the school and two others along the road from where the fighters

The Tragedy Of The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

Frances Perkins 1. Identify your individual and BRIEFLY summarize their background (one paragraph, at most). Frances Perkins came from a wealthy family in Maine. From her mother, she inherited the propensity to be stingy with money, earnest, and brutally honest. In 1902, she attended Mount Holyoke College, where she used her glibness to barely get by. Instead of focusing on improving her strengths, Frances’ professors sought to improve her weaknesses; Especially her moral ones. This was done with the idea in mind that if she were to overcome her shortcomings, she would be able to conquer anything life threw at her. After graduation, Frances struggled to find something meaningful to do with her life; That is the tragedy of The†¦show more content†¦To this she an again declined the offer, thinking that she was the wrong person for the job, however, Roosevelt didn’t let her off the hook and insisted that she accept. However, her acceptance came with an ultimatum. If she were to become Secretary of Labor, then Roosevelt would have to put a major focus on insurance polic ies, unemployment relief, a refined public works program, minimum wage laws, social security for the retired, and the abolishment of child labor. After Roosevelt agreed to the terms, she joined his cabinet becoming a champion of the â€Å"New Deal†; being central to the creation of the new Social Security system, developing the Civilian Conservation Corps, the Federal Works Agency, and the Public Works Administration, Establishing the first minimum wage law, and resisting the idea of drafting women in the second World War, placing them in jobs vacated by men. Like her I find great joy in helping other in need. After reading how she fought to provide help for the mistreated laborers I was moved by her humanitarianism. 3. Describe their â€Å"Adam I† tendencies. Frances’ â€Å"Adam I† tendencies include: surprising herself to achieve her goals, changing her appearance to gain the acceptance of her fellow politicians, keeping the state of her husbands mental health under lock and key, her determination and stubbornness when it came to accepting her job as Secretary of State, and her not allowing herself to feel the strong emotionsShow MoreRelatedThe Worst Factory Fire in the United States: The Tragedy of The Triangle Shirtwaist Company 656 Words   |  3 PagesThe Triangle Shirtwaist Company was a women’s blouse factory located at the ten floored Asch building in Manhattan, New York City and is the home of both the worst factory fire in America during that time period and the first women’s strike against a factory (1). The company’s specialty was shirtwaists which were blouses that had a tight waist and puffy sleeves which were popular during that time period. The company was owned by Max Blank and Isa ac Harris; the men had emigrated from Russia as youngRead MoreThe Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire Essay example1460 Words   |  6 Pagesfollowing is a short excerpt of those who fought and died due to the Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire. â€Å"The â€Å"Triangle† Company†¦ With blood this name will be written in the history of the American workers’ movement, and with feel will this history recall the names of the strikers of this shop—of the crusaders.†Ã¢â‚¬â€ Jewish Daily Forward (Drehle) On March 25, 1911, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire broke out. Proper workers’ rights and fire prevention installations were not in place or were not followedRead MoreThe Effects Of The Triangle Fire Of 19111611 Words   |  7 PagesA year after shirtwaist workers thought they had won a war, the Triangle Fire proved that it had merely been a battle. 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They had little or no say over their working conditions, whichRead MoreThe Tragedy Of August 25 By Max Blanck And Isaac Harris1426 Words   |  6 PagesThe tragedy of March 25, 1911 was a crucial turning point and important era of awareness of worker powerlessness during the age of early American industrialization. The fire that consumed the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory remains a haunting memory for this nation. The fates of innocent workers sent a wave of grief throughout the entire nation. The victims died as a result of a serious neglect for safety features within the facility and brought widespread attention to the dangerous working conditionsRead MoreEssay about Triangle Shirtwaist Fire1710 Words   |  7 Pages Triangle Shirtwaist Fire nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Near closing time on Saturday afternoon, March 25, 1911, in New York City a fire broke out on the top floors of the Asch Building in the Triangle Shirtwaist Company. One of the worst tragedies in American history it was know as the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire. It was a disaster that took the lives of 146 young immigrant workers. A fire that broke out in a cramped sweatshop that trapped many inside and killed 146 people. ThisRead More The Triangle Fire Essay1186 Words   |  5 Pages In an era of a rising unionization, The Triangle Fire, calligraphy written my Leon Stein, describes one of the worst industrial disasters in the nation’s history that ended up killing 146 of the 500 Triangle Shirtwaist Company employees, which happened to be female immigrant workers. These immigrants came to the United States with their families in search for a better life. Instead they found themselves working long hours only to receive low wages along with horrendous working circumstances withRead MoreHistory the Triangle Fire Essay2608 Words   |  11 PagesConstant Fall 2011 History 162 Modern America Dr. Bittel PAPER OPTION #1 The Triangle Fire The terrible fire that revealed a harsh reality to the world Nowadays, it is almost impossible to find a building that does not have exit signs or fire extinguishers in America. Whether in a university or at the work place, exit signs and fire safety instructions can easily be found by anybody. Fire drills are regularly practiced to ensure the least amount of casualty will occur if somethingRead More Triangle Fire 1911 Essay example2502 Words   |  11 Pages The Triangle Fire of 1911 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Near closing time on Saturday afternoon, March 25, 1911, in New York City a fire broke out on the top floors of the Asch Building in the Triangle Shirtwaist Company. One of the worst tragedies in American history it is known as the â€Å"Triangle Shirtwaist Fire†. It was a disaster that took the lives of 146 workers, most of which were women. This tragedy pointed out the negatives of sweatshop conditions of the industrialization era. It emphasizedRead MoreTriangle: The Fire That Changed America Essay1282 Words   |  6 PagesOn the afternoon of March 25, 1911, a fire broke out in the 10-floor Asch Building, a block east of Manhattans Washington Square. This is where 500 mostly young immigrant girls were producing shirts for the Triangle Shirtwaist Company. Within minutes, it spread to consume the buildings upper three stories. Firemen at the scene were unable to rescue those trapped inside: their ladders werent tall enough. Exits were locked, and the narrow fire escapes were inadequate. Panicked, many jumped from

Essay On Why Are You Interested In Attending A Brigade

Why are you interested in attending a brigade? Coincidently, this type of work has been something I have always been passionate about. It all started during my junior year of high school. I had to respond to a scholarship essay asking me to describe my educational goals. I knew I wanted to become a pharmacist, but the idea of being in retail or pharmaceutical management was not particularly enticing. After attending school for over 20 years, was this what I wanted to do for the rest of my life? For as long as I can remember, I have always been a strong advocate for â€Å"impact living†, seeking personally meaningful endeavors. I was blessed with life, therefore, I must do something with it (of course within reasonable parameters). Thus I†¦show more content†¦At Winship, I worked more directly with the patients and staff members. Most of the time, I provided hospitality for patients receiving chemotherapy in the Infusion Center. When I was in the Breast Imaging department, I escorted patients in and out of the appointment rooms. At CHOA, I was stationed in the surgical inventory department, where I stocked and prepared items needed in the OR. In addition to learning about the various surgical instruments, I also had the opportunity to observe several operating procedures firsthand. Overall, I gained not only invaluable clinical experience, but also insight into the lives of these patients. As they shared their stories with me, I could not help but admire thei r sense of optimism and gratefulness. Aside from medical related volunteering, I was heavily involved in promoting youth education and empowerment in communities of different cultural backgrounds. After volunteering at my local elementary and middle school, I dedicated my time to starting up a tutoring program (Asian Youth Tutoring Services), committed to assisting assist newly immigrated children. As a second generation immigrant myself, I understand the challenges that come with living in a new country. In addition to overcoming linguistic and cultural barriers, many immigrant children struggle to establishShow MoreRelatedLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagesrestaurants, theaters, and trains. If blacks were permitted to enter a facility, they had to use a separate entrance and sit in a separate section. Langston became an avid reader. His favorite magazine was Crisis, published by W.E.B. Du Bois, whose essays urged African Americans to preserve their heritage and to reject integration into the white community. Langstons favorite newspaper was the Chicago Defender, which published stories about racially motivated lynchings and other injustices. His favoriteRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesPHILADELPHIA Temple University Press 1601 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress Copyright  © 2010 by Temple University All rights reserved Published 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Essays on twentieth century history / edited by Michael Peter Adas for the American Historical Association. p. cm.—(Critical perspectives on the past) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4399-0269-1 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0270-7

challenges faced by Indigenous People - 1251 Words

The challenges faced By Indigenous Peoples in achieving justice, are both complex and extensive. These issues stem from successive centuries of asserted colonial power, which consequently has resulted in the undermining of rights for many Indigenous communities, including the Australian Aboriginal Peoples and Maori Peoples of New Zealand. Systemic abuse of power has resulted in the gradual erosion of Indigenous culture, and as thus, rights of Indigenous communities, including Intellectual Property and Cultural Rights, have been neglected. As a result, a growing body of declarations, statements, and other developments both within governmental systems, as well as in the wider international justice arena have been received. However, many†¦show more content†¦The ineffectiveness of domestic laws in relation to intellectual property highlight the need for both Australia, and New Zealand to implement Article 31 of the UNDRIP; ....They also have the right, to maintain, control, pro tect and develop their intellectual property over such cultural heritage, traditional knowledge, and traditional cultural expressions..... . It is evident that both Australian and New Zealand Indigenous communities face significant challenges in relation to intellectual property rights. In addition to Intellectual Property, Indigenous communities also face significant challenges in relation to Cultural Rights. This term encompasses a broad range of aspects that relate to heritage, including the active practice of language, ecological activities, and the preservation of sacred lifestyles and locations. Both Australian Aboriginal Peoples and New Zealand Maori Peoples face significant challenges in achieving justice in relation to their cultural rights. Although the UNDRIP was implemented in both Australia and New Zealand in 2009, domestic laws are still not effective in the protection of Indigenous culture. This is mainly due to the complexities of Cultural Rights, that is, there is no sole law that encompasses all aspects of Cultural rights. Australian IndigenousShow MoreRelatedThe Problems Of Residential Schools1081 Words   |  5 Pagesinhumane! Canada is now known as a multicultural country, with rights for those, including children, residing in this country both permanently or temporarily. This is why I pose the question, why are Indigenous people forced to live in a country where they feel unwelcome, unequal, and shameful? Indigenous does mean native or first to a country. In my opinion they should have, if not equal, the most, rights in this country. However, they have lost rights to their land, freedom, cultural values, traditionsRead MoreDiscrimination Against Women s Human Rights1005 Words   |  5 PagesPrompt: Why has it been difficult for indigenous peoples to claim human rights? Was it equally hard to establish women’s human rights to freedom from violence? Consider a series of factors such as the nature of their rights claims and the political context within which these claims were made in discussing the similarities and differences between these two cases and the process through which they became defined as human rights. The idea that indigenous people have rights is relatively new; the majorityRead MoreAboriginal Australians : The Indigenous People Of Australia Essay1306 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Aboriginal Australians are the indigenous people of Australia. They are one of the oldest existing cultures in the world and the first known inhabitants of Australia. 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Learning and practicing an indigenous language fulfills one’s role as an engaged citizen and allows for engagement within a culture. The McGill Tribune published Jenny

Death and Dying as a Literary Device free essay sample

This essay illustrates how the concepts of death and dying are powerfully used in literature and how those left living are affected. The following paper examines how most authors look at death from their own unique perspectives, when writing about it. The writer explores the different ways in which death is something that appears to be the central point of just about any piece of literature. This paper makes reference to several novels where death is a key focus and is presented either through the novels characters as they contemplate the meaning of life or shown through surviving characters. The novels made reference to are : Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad , The Lovesong of J Alfred Prufrock by T.S. Eliot and To the Lighthouse by Virginia Woolf. The other ramification the death of Michael Furey has on Gabriel is that he comes to the realization that nobody could ever truly know another person. We will write a custom essay sample on Death and Dying as a Literary Device or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After learning that Michael Furey risked, and lost his life for Gretta, Gabriel became deeply contemplative. First he shows typical characteristics of a jealous lover. He wonders if Gretta and Michael Furey had a sexual relationship and also ponders other aspects of their relationship. From the time that Gretta tells Gabriel that the song The Lass of Aughrim made her cry, Gabriel knew it was over a past boyfriend that she related this song.

Social Media as a Business Communication Tool-Free-Sample for Student

Question: Discuss about the Use of Social media as a business communication tool. Answer: Introduction: The aim of paper would be to study the use of social media as a platform for business communication by the organisations. The business organisations use social media on large scale to communication with employees and customers. This use of social media has both disadvantages and disadvantages. The researcher would explore both the aspects from the side of the organisations and as well their employees and consumers. Impact of use of social media on employees of the companies: Leftheriotis and Giannakos (2014) state that social media has great impacts on the employees of organisations. The employees use social media as a platform to communicate with their superiors and peer in a semiformal way. This boosts communication among the employees in organisations and creates a sense of belonging to the company. Gibbs, Rozaidi and Eisenberg (2013) contradicts that social media also causes distractions among the employees and hampers their performances. This is because employees often misuse the social media to spread wrong messages and for unethical sharing of information. Advantages of use of social media among employees in organisations: The following are the advantages of employees using social media in organisations: Smooth communication and networking: Applications of social media in business organisations create a semi-formal environment, which enforces internal communication. The social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter enable employees to share information beyond work, which creates better understanding among them about each other. This enforces a sense of relatedness among the employees across departments and positions which boosts motivation and positive organisational culture (Aouragh, 2016). Innovation: Social media provides a platform for all the employees in the organisations to communicate with each other. This is more prevalent for the multinational companies who operate in multiple locations. The employees of various departments like research development and marketing can communicate with each other and exchange information. For example, a marketing manager of a company located in Europe can communicate with his colleague based on the US. This interaction can lead to generation of new ideas like new markets or new possible products. This analysis shows that social media interactions among employees of a company can lead to innovations (Lam, Yeung Cheng, 2016). Talent acquisition: Kaur et al. (2015) state that social media plays a very important role in organisations talent acquisitions and management roles. The companies today promote their brands and market positions on their social website pages. This helps them to enhance their employer brand image, which in turn enables them to attract more skilful and experienced human resources. Sparrow, Brewster and Chung (2016) state that organisations today regard their employees as a strategic advantage they seek to acquire and manage for business growth. Social media enables the employees of organisations to communicate information about new vacancies and job descriptions with hundreds of people acquaintances. The managers as a result are able to acquire appropriate candidates from among their acquaintances about whose eligibilities and experiences they know. This analysis shows that social media help organisations to acquire and manage employees. Disadvantages of use of social media by employees in organisations: The following are the disadvantages of use of social media on the job performances of employees in organisations: Distractions of employees: Brooks (2015) points out that social media has emerged as a major distraction to the employee concentration and hence hampering employee performances. The employees spend unnecessary time in surfing the social networking sites, which hampers their efficiency. This lowering of efficiency of individual employees impedes the high performance of the departments and ultimately the organisations as a whole. This has led to several organisations ban the use of mobile devices among the employees during office hours. Conflict between employer and employees: Excessive use of social media by employees during office hours has led to drastic fall in the performance of employees, which is creating conflict between the employers and employees. Several companies do not allow the employees to access social networking sites during office hours to prevent social networking sites from hampering their performances. McDonald (2014) contradicts this ban and states that some organisations offer training to their employees about Mobile device management to train them use the social networking sites responsibly. However, some employees view this training as a management intervention into the personal liberties and refuse to cooperate. These results in further conflicts between the employers and the employees, which make some employees, resign. Thus, excessive use of social media is resulting in organisational conflicts and high employee turnover. Unethical practices: Some employee use social media to share confidential business information with unauthorised persons which has become great concern for business organisations. The expanse of social media is so vast that no organisation can control spread of messages. Some employees use their personal social network accounts to share information without prior approval from seniors which is unethical and illegal (Gritzalis et al., 2014). Sharma, Khandelwal and Rathod (2014) add to the discussion and state that social networking sites add to the data theft in the multinational companies of today. The multinational companies hold a lot of data because they operate in multiple countries. Thus, when one employee shares data unethically on the social platform, it has manifold impact on the market image of the organisation. For example, the failure of the company to protect the confidential piece of data has detrimental effect on its market image. Thus, social media encourages unethical spread of data, which has devastating effect on the companies and their brand images. Impact of use of social media on customers of the companies: The social media today plays a very significant role in the business communication between business organisations and their customers. Similar to the employees of business organisations, social media plays very significant impact on the customers. Business communication between companies and their customers has both advantages and disadvantages. Advantages of using social media by companies to communicate with customers: The following are the advantages, which companies can enjoy by using social media to communicate with customers: Brand promotion: Business communication between companies and their customers using the social media help the companies to promote their brands. The multinational companies inform the consumers all over the globe about the new products and strategies (Turban, Volonino Wood, 2013). The number of followers of a company on the social media platform acts as an indication of the size of its consumer base in the market. The consumers on the other hand give their reviews about a particular product. These reviews and ratings help the companies to study consumer preferences while making product strategies. Thus, social media interactions with customers allow the companies estimate the brand equities of their products and make marketing plans accordingly. Earning revenue: The multinational companies today use the social media platforms like Facebook to advertise their products all over the world before millions of customers. This large-scale advertisement generates huge demand in the market. The multinational companies as a result are able to sell their products all over the world to earn huge revenue (Lartey, Antwi Boadi, 2013). Thus, social media provides a platform for the companies to promote their products and earn huge revenue. Liquidity and risk management: Social media helps companies to promote and sell their products globally, which in turn generates huge revenue and provides liquidity to their funds. The multinational companies today have to invest huge amount of capital to manufacture their products. The promotion of products worldwide enables these companies to earn robust profit. This allows them to recover their investments, which they can again channelize into production of goods. Thus, social media plays a significant role for the companies to earn huge return on their investments (McNeil, Frey Embrechts, 2015). The multinational companies today advertise their products on the social media sites and sell them, thus earning huge revenue. This huge revenue enables these companies to diversify their risks, which boosts of risk taking capacity (DeAngelo Stulz, 2014). Thus, social media indirectly strengthens the liquidity and the risk taking capacity of the companies. Disadvantages of use of social media to communicate with customers: Social media, when used by the companies as a tool of business communication with customers has the following disadvantages: Negative promotion of companies: Social media platforms of business communication give opportunities to negative promotion about companies, which affect their brand values devastatingly. As discussed above, the social networking sites like Facebook allow the companies to promote their goods. The platform can also be used by customers to give their feedbacks about the products in form of reviews and stars. The positive reviews are made available to millions of customers over the social networking space which establish the strong brand images of the companies before these customers (Turban, Volonino Wood, 2013). Similarly, negative reviews of customers can be viewed by millions of customers and repel them from buying products of companies (Pfeffer, Zorbach Carley, 2014). This analysis shows that social networking sites provide the platform for negative reviews, which result in companies losing their customers. Unethical practices: Unethical practices like spreading of fake news about the companies on the social media have impact on the companies. The unethical customers spread fraudulent news about various business strategies of the multinational companies. Such fake news also includes crucial business information like financial decisions of the company management bodies. These fake pieces of news spread very fast on the social media and have dire impact on the business organisations in the long run. For example, fake news about the business strategy of a company can result in investors withdrawing their investments. This would result in weakening of the long-term equity base and ultimately the financial strengths of the companies. Thus, unethical practices like spreading fake news on the social have devastating impact on the companies. Conclusion: The above discussion clearly reveals that social media plays an undeniably significant role in business communication of business organisations, their employees and their customers. The social media develops a semiformal environment, which promotes healthy communication and networking. It has even emerged to play a significant role in innovation and talent management. However, it is also capable of distracting employees and lowering organisational performance. Social media also provides platforms to promote products but can also lead to loss of market due to negative promotion. It can be recommended that the employees and the customers should use the digital platform ethically and responsibly. They should not use it to spread fake or confidential news about the company. References: Aouragh, M. (2016). Social media, mediation and the Arab revolutions.Marx in the Age of Digital Capitalism, 482-515. Brooks, S. (2015). 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Lam, H.K., Yeung, A.C. Cheng, T.E., 2016. The impact of firms social media initiatives on operational efficiency and innovativeness.Journal of Operations Management,47, pp.28-43. Lartey, V. C., Antwi, S., Boadi, E. K. (2013). The relationship between liquidity and profitability of listed banks in Ghana.International Journal of Business and Social Science,4(3). Leftheriotis, I., Giannakos, M. N. (2014). Using social media for work: Losing your time or improving your work?.Computers in Human Behavior,31, 134-142. McDonald, G. (2014).Business Ethics: A Contemporary Approach. Cambridge University Press. McNeil, A. J., Frey, R., Embrechts, P. (2015).Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. Pfeffer, J., Zorbach, T., Carley, K. M. (2014). Understanding online firestorms: Negative word-of-mouth dynamics in social media networks.Journal of Marketing Communications,20(1-2), 117-128. Sharma, K. B., Khandelwal, G. R., Rathod, M. G. (2014). Information Technology, Economy and Banking Sector.IBMRD's Journal of Management Research,3(1), 116-124. Sparrow, P., Brewster, C., Chung, C. (2016).Globalizing human resource management. Routledge. Turban, E., Volonino, L., Wood, G. (2013). Information technology for management: Advancing sustainable, profitable business growth . Hoboken